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true rms to dc converter most current sensors provide outputs that are instantaneous representations of the measured currents. for complex or alternating waveforms there may be a requirement to convert the output to a true rms value. rms converters available from maxim are designed to accept complex input waveforms containing ac and dc components. they can be operated from either a single or dual supplies. the converters are designated mx536a/mx636 . both devices draw less than 1 ma of quiescent supply current, making them ideal for battery-powered applications. they exhibit >1mhz bandwidth and < 0.5% ac curacy. (www.maxim-ic.com) texas instrument?s pt78nr112 creates a negative output voltage from +12vdc input. these easy-to-use, 3-terminal, integrated switching regulators have maximum output power of 5 watts and a negative output voltage that is laser trimmed. they also have excellent line and load regulation. they can be used with closed loop sensors that reguire 12vdc power supplies. (www.ti.com) definitions response time response time is defned as the delay between the instant the sensed current reaches 90% of its fnal value and the instant the sensor output signal reaches 90% of fnal value as illustrated in figure 7. for open loop sensors response time and di/dt ratings depend primarily upon the slew rate of the amplifer. di/dt accurately followed the linear rate of change in current that the sensor can accurately measure. linearity output deviation from a straight line response to the current being measured. 5 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? figure 7
general description the mx536a and mx636 are true rms-to-dc convert- ers. they feature low power and are designed to accept low-level input signals from 0 to 7v rms for the mx536a and 0 to 200mv rms for the mx636. both devices accept complex input waveforms containing ac and dc com- ponents. they can be operated from either a single sup- ply or dual supplies. both devices draw less than 1ma of quiescent supply current, making them ideal for bat- tery-powered applications. input and output offset, positive and negative waveform symmetry (dc reversal), and full-scale accuracy are laser trimmed, so that no external trims are required to achieve full rated accuracy. ________________________applications digital multimeters battery-powered instruments panel meters process control ____________________________features ? true rms-to-dc conversion ? computes rms of ac and dc signals ? wide response: 2mhz bandwidth for v rms > 1v (mx536a) 1mhz bandwidth for v rms > 100mv (mx636) ? auxiliary db output: 60db range (mx536a) 50db range (mx636) ? single- or dual-supply operation ? low power: 1.2ma typ (mx536a) 800? typ (mx636) mx536a/mx636 true rms-to-dc converters ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 +v s n.c. n.c. n.c. common r l i out v in n.c. -v s c av db buf out buf in mx536a mx636 dip top view mx536a mx636b to-100 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 buf in buf out db c av -v s +v s i out r l common v in pin configurations 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf v in -v s +v s v out c av _________typical operating circuits 19-0824; rev 2; 3/96 part mx536a jc/d mx536ajcwe mx536ajd 0? to +70? 0? to +70? 0? to +70? temp. range pin-package dice** 16 wide so 14 ceramic ordering information ordering information continued at end of data sheet. * maxim reserves the right to ship ceramic packages in lieu of cerdip packages. ** dice are specified at t a = +25?. mx536ajh mx536ajn 0? to +70? 0? to +70? 10 to-100 14 plastic dip mx536ajq* mx536akcwe 0? to +70? 0? to +70? 14 cerdip 16 wide so mx536akd mx536akh 0? to +70? 0? to +70? 14 ceramic 10 to-100 mx536akn 0? to +70? 14 plastic dip pin configurations continued at end of data sheet. typical operating circuits continued at end of data sheet. mx536akq* 0? to +70? 14 cerdip mx536asd -55? to +125? 14 ceramic for free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800. for small orders, phone 408-737-7600 ext. 3468.
mx536a/mx636 t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics?x536a (t a = +25 c, +v s = +15v, -v s = -15v, unless otherwise noted.) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. supply voltage: dual supplies (mx536a) ............................ 18v (mx636) ............................. 12v single supply (mx536a) ........................... +36v (mx636) ............................. +24v input voltage (mx536a) ....................................................... 25v (mx636) ......................................................... 12v power dissipation (package) plastic dip (derate 12mw/ c above +75 c) ............... 450mw small outline (derate 10mw/ c above +75 c) ............ 400mw ceramic (derate 10mw/ c above +75 c) ................... 500mw to-100 metal can (derate 7mw/ c above +75 c) ...... 450mw output short-circuit duration ........................................ indefinite operating temperature ranges commercial (j, k) ............................................... 0 c to +70 c military (s) ...................................................... -55 c to +125 c storage temperature range ............................. -55 c to +150 c lead temperature (soldering, 10sec) ................................ 300 c mx536aj, as t min to +70 c +70 c to +125 c mhz 2.3 3db bandwidth 450 khz 90 120 bandwidth for 1% additional error (0.09db) 45 khz 5 -1.0 additional error -0.1 % of reading specified accuracy 2 0.1 total error, external trim (note 1) mv % of reading 3 0.3 2 0.2 total error, internal trim (note 1) mv % of reading 5 0.5 v out = [avg. (v in ) 2 ] 1 / 2 transfer equation 0.1 total error vs. dc reversal % of reading 0.2 mv % of reading/v 0.1 0.01 total error vs. supply total error vs. temperature mv % of reading/ c 0.1 0.01 0.05 0.005 0.1 0.005 0.03 0.005 units min typ max parameter v in = 1v v in = 100mv v in = 10mv mx536ak v in = 1v v in = 100mv mx536aj, as v in = 10mv crest factor = 7 crest factor = 3 crest factor 1 to 2 mx536aj mx536ak mx536as mx536ak mx536as mx536aj, as conditions mx536ak figure 3 ms/ f c av 25 averaging time constant conversion accuracy error vs. crest factor (note 2) frequency response (note 3)
mx536a/mx636 t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 units min typ max conditions parameter v rms 0 to 7 15v supplies continuous rms peak transient 20 v pk 0 to 2 v rms input signal range 5v supplies continuous rms peak transient 7 v pk safe input all supplies 25 v pk input resistance 13.33 16.7 20.00 k mx536aj, as 0.8 2 mv input offset voltage mx536ak 0.5 1 mx536aj 1 2 mx536ak 0.5 1 t a = +25 c mx536as 2 mv mx536aj, ak 0.1 t a = t min to t max mx536as 0.2 mv/ c mx536aj, ak 0.1 offset voltage supply voltage mx536as 0.2 mv/v 15v supplies 0 to 11 12.5 output voltage swing 5v supplies 0 to 2 v source 5 ma output current sink -130 a short circuit current 20 ma output resistance 0.5 mx536aj 0.4 0.6 db mx536ak 0.2 0.3 error v in = 7mv to 7v rms , 0db = 1v rms mx536as 0.5 0.6 scale factor -3 mv/db scale factor tc (uncompensated) 0.33 % of reading/ c electrical characteristics?x536a (continued) (t a = +25 c, +v s = +15v, -v s = -15v, unless otherwise noted.) i ref 0db = 1v rms 5 20 80 a i ref range 1 100 a i out scale factor 40 a/v rms i out scale factor tolerance 10 20 % output resistance 20 25 30 k voltage compliance -v s to (+v s - 2.5) v input characteristics output characteristics db output i out terminal
mx536a/mx636 t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ input bias current 20 300 na input resistance 10 8 output current source +5 ma sink -130 a short-circuit current 20 ma units min typ max conditions parameter input and output voltage range -v s to (+v s - 2.5) v input offset voltage r s = 25k small-signal bandwidth 0.5 4 mv 1 mhz slew rate (note 4) 5 v/ s electrical characteristics?x536a (continued) (t a = +25 c, +v s = +15v, -v s = -15v, unless otherwise noted.) electrical characteristics?x636 (t a = +25 c, +v s = +3v, -v s = -5v, unless otherwise noted.) v in = 200mv mhz 1.5 v in = 200mv 3db bandwidth 900 v in = 100mv khz 100 v in = 10mv 130 mx636k bandwidth for 1% additional error (0.09db) 90 v in = 200mv khz 14 v in = 100mv mx636j -0.5 v in = 10mv additional error -0.2 % of reading specified accuracy crest factor = 6 0.1 0.1 crest factor = 3 total error, external trim (note 5) mv % of reading 0.3 0.1 mx636k 0.2 0.5 mx636j total error, internal trim (notes 5, 6) mv % of reading 0.5 1.0 crest factor 1 to 2 v out = [avg. (v in )2] 1/2 transfer equation 0.1 total error vs. dc reversal % of reading 0.2 mv % of reading/v 0.1 0.01 mx636j total error vs. supply mx636k total error vs. temperature (0 c to +70 c) mv % of reading/ c 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.005 mx636k mx636j units min typ max conditions parameter buffer amplifier figure 3 ms/ f c av 25 averaging time constant conversion accuracy error vs. crest factor (note 3) frequency response (notes 6, 8)
mx536a/mx636 t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 electrical characteristics?x636 (continued) (t a = +25 c, +v s = +3v, -v s = -5v, unless otherwise noted.) i ref 2.8 2 4 8 2 input signal range a peak transient 5 v pk safe input i ref range 12 v pk input resistance 5.33 6.7 8.00 k 1 50 mx636j 0.5 mv input offset voltage mx636k 0.2 a mx636j 0.5 t a = +25 c mx636k 0.2 mv i out scale factor t a = t min to t max 10 with supply voltage 0.1 v/ c 100 offset voltage a/v rms i out scale factor tolerance +3v, -5v supplies 0 to 1 output voltage swing 5v to 16.5v supplies 0 to 1 1.4 v -20 10 +20 % output resistance 8 10 12 k units min typ max conditions parameter mx636j 0.3 0.5 error 7mv v in 300mv mx636k 0.1 0.2 scale factor -3 mv/db scale factor tempco output resistance 0 to 200 +0.33 %/ c 8 10 12 k voltage compliance -v s to (+v s - 2.0) v continuous rms, all supplies all supplies 5v supplies 2.5v supplies +3v, -5v supplies mv rms input and output voltage range -v s to (+v s - 2) v r s = 10k 0.8 2 mv input offset voltage 0.5 1 input current 100 300 na input resistance 10 8 source +5 ma output current sink -130 a short-circuit current 20 ma small-signal bandwidth 1 mhz slew rate (note 9) 5 v/ s 0db = 1v rms mx636j mx636k -0.033 db/ c mv/v db input characteristics output characteristics (note 5) db output i out terminal buffer amplifier
mx536a/mx636 _______________ detailed description the mx536a/mx636 uses an implicit method of rms computation that overcomes the dynamic range as well as other limitations inherent in a straightforward compu - tation of the rms. the actual computation performed by the mx536a/mx636 follows the equation: v rms = avg. [v in 2 /v rms ] the input voltage, v in , applied to the mx536a/mx636 is processed by an absolute-value/voltage to current con - verter that produces a unipolar current i 1 (figure 1). this current drives one input of a squarer/divider that produces a current i 4 that has a transfer function: i 4 = i 1 2 i 3 the current i 4 drives the internal current mirror through a lowpass filter formed by r1 and an external capaci - tor, c av . as long as the time constant of this filter is greater than the longest period of the input signal, i 4 is averaged. the current mirror returns a current, i 3 , to the square/divider to complete the circuit. the current i 4 is then a function of the average of (i 1 2 /i 4 ), which is equal to i 1 rms . the current mirror also produces a 2 ?i 4 output current, i out , that can be used directly or converted to a volt - age using resistor r2 and the internal buffer to provide a low-impedance voltage output. the transfer function for the mx536a/mx636 is: v out = 2 ?r2 ?i rms = v in the db output is obtained by the voltage at the emitter of q3, which is proportional to the -log v in . the emitter follower q5 buffers and level shifts this voltage so that the db output is zero when the externally set emitter current for q5 approximates i 3 . standard connection (figure 2) the standard rms connection requires only one exter - nal component, c av . in this configuration the mx536a/mx636 measures the rms of the ac and dc levels present at the input, but shows an error for low- frequency inputs as a function of the c av filter capaci - tor. figure 3 gives practical values of c av for various values of averaging error over frequency for the stan - dard rms connections (no post filtering). if a 3 f capacitor is chosen, the additional error at 100hz will be 1%. if the dc error can be rejected, a capacitor should be connected in series with the input, as would typically be the case in single-supply operation. the input and output signal ranges are a function of the supply voltages. refer to the electrical characteristics for guaranteed performance. the buffer amplifier can be used either for lowering the output impedance of the cir - cuit, or for other applications such as buffering high- impedance input signals. the mx536a/mx636 can be used in current output mode by disconnecting the inter - nal load resistor, r l , from ground. the current output is available at pin 8 (pin 10 on the ??package) with a nominal scale of 40 a/v rms input for the mx536a and 100 a/v rms input for the mx636. the output is positive. t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ electrical characteristics?x636 (continued) (t a = +25 c, +v s = +3v, -v s = -5v, unless otherwise noted.) rated performance +3/-5 v dual supplies +2/-2.5 16.5 v single supply +5 +24 v units min typ max conditions parameter quiescent current (note 10) 0.8 1 ma note 1: accuracy is specified for 0 to 7v rms , dc or 1khz sine-wave input with the mx536a connected as in figure 2. note 2: error vs. crest factor is specified as an additional error for 1v rms rectangular pulse stream, pulse width = 200 s. note 3: input voltages are expressed in volts rms, and error as % of reading. note 4: with 2k external pull-down resistor. note 5: accuracy is specified for 0 to 200mv, dc or 1khz sine-wave input. accuracy is degraded at higher rms signal levels. note 6: measured at pin 8 of dip and so (i out ), with pin 9 tied to common. note 7: error vs. crest factor is specified as an additional error for 200mv rms rectangular pulse input, pulse width = 200 s. note 8: input voltages are expressed in volts rms. note 9: with 10k external pull-down resistor from pin 6 (buf out) to -v s . note 10: with buf input tied to common. power supply
mx536a/mx636 t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 r3 25k r4 50k 12k r2 25k 12k a1 a4 a2 v in r -1 i 1 i 3 i 4 i ref q1 q2 q3 a3 q4 q5 14 10 9 8 1 3 4 5 6 7 v in -v s i out 0.2ma f.s. 0.4ma f.s. +v s com db out buff out buff in r l c av r1 25k buffer 25k absolute value/ voltage-current converter one-quadrant squarer/divider current mirror mx536a figure 1. mx536a simplified schematic 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 v out 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf v in v in -v s +v s +v s -v s v out c av c av mx536a mx636 figure 2. mx536a/mx636 standard rms connection
mx536a/mx636 high-accuracy adjustments the accuracy of the mx536a/mx636 can be improved by the addition of external trims as shown in figure 4. r4 trims the offset. the input should be grounded and r4 adjusted to give zero volts output from pin 6. r1 is trimmed to give the correct value for either a calibrated dc input or a calibrated ac signal. for example: 200mv dc input should give 200mv dc output; a 200mv peak-to-peak sine-wave should give 141mv dc output. single-supply operation both the mx536a and the mx636 can be used with a single supply down to +5v (figure 5). the major limita - tion of this connection is that only ac signals can be measured, since the differential input stage must be biased off ground for proper operation. the load resis - tor is necessary to provide output sink current. the input signal is coupled through c2 and the value cho - sen so that the desired low-frequency break point is obtained with the input resistance of 16.7k for the mx536a and 6.7k for the mx636. figure 5 shows how to bias pin 10 within the range of the supply voltage (pin 2 on ??packages). it is critical that no extraneous signals are coupled into this pin. a capacitor connected between pin 10 and ground is recommended. the common pin requires less than 5 a of input current, and if the current flowing through resis - tors r1 and r2 is chosen to be approximately 10 times the common pin current, or 50 a, the resistor values can easily be calculated. choosing the averaging time constant both the mx536a and mx636 compute the rms value of ac and dc signals. at low frequencies and dc, the output tracks the input exactly; at higher frequencies, the average output approaches the rms value of the input signal. the actual output differs from the ideal by an average (or dc) error plus some amount of ripple. the dc error term is a function of the value of c av and the input signal frequency. the output ripple is inverse - t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 100 0.1 0.22 0.65 1 100 1k 1 10 10 0.01 0.1 1 frequency (hz) external averaging cap, c av ( m f) 10 60 output settling time to complete 99% of step_ (seconds) 1% 0.1% figure 3. lower frequency for stated % of reading error and settling time for circuit shown in figure 2 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf v in -v s r1 +v s v out c av r2 r3 r4 -v s +v s mx536a 500 w 365 w 750k w 50k w mx636 200 w 154 w 470k w 500k w r1 r2 r3 r4 mx536a mx636 figure 4. optional external gain and output offset trims 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf v in +v s r l v out c av r1 r2 mx536a 20k w 10k w 1 m f mx636 20k w 39k w 3.3 m f r1 r2 c2 10k to 1k 0.1 m f 0.1 m f c2 mx536a mx636 figure 5. single-supply operation
ly proportional to the value of c av . waveforms with high crest factors, such as a pulse train with low duty cycle, should have an average time constant chosen to be at least ten times the signal period. using a large value of c av to remove the output ripple increases the settling time for a step change in the input signal level. figure 3 shows the relationship between c av and settling time, where 115ms settling equals 1 f of c av . the settling time, or time for the rms converter to settle to within a given percent of the change in rms level, is set by the averaging time constant, which varies approximately 2:1 between increasing and decreasing input signals. for example, increasing input signals require 2.3 time constants to settle to within 1%, and 4.6 time constants for decreasing signals levels. in addition, the settling time also varies with input signal levels, increasing as the input signal is reduced, and decreasing as the input is increased as shown in figures 6a and 6b. using post filters a post filter allows a smaller value of c av , and reduces ripple and improves the overall settling time. the value of c av should be just large enough to give the maxi - mum dc error at the lowest frequency of interest. the post filter is used to remove excess output ripple. figures 7, 8, and 9 give recommended filter connec - tions and values for both the mx536a and mx636. table 1 lists the number of time constants required for the rms section to settle to within different percentages of the final value for a step change in the input signal. decibel output (db) the db output of the mx536a/mx636 originates in the squarer/divider section and works well over a 60db range. the connection for db measurements is shown in figure 10. the db output has a temperature drift of 0.03db/ c, and in some applications may need to be compensated. figure 10 shows a compensation scheme. the amplifier can be used to scale the output for a particular application. the values used in figure 10 give an output of +100mv/db. mx536a/mx636 t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 10 0 1 2.5 1m 100m 10 1 5 7.5 rms input level (v) settling time relative to 1v rms input settling time 10m mx536a figure 6a. mx536a settling time vs. input level 10 0 1 2.5 1m 100m 1 5 7.5 rms input level (v) settling time relative to 200mv rms input settling time 10m mx636 figure 6b. mx636 settling time vs. input level settling time to within stated % of new rms level 1% 0.1% 0.01% 4.6 t /4.6 t 6.9 t /6.9 t 9.2 t /9.2 t table 1. number of rc time constants ( t ) required for mx536a/mx636 rms converters to settle to within stated % of final value for decreasing amplitudes basic formulas parameters note: ( t ) settling times for linear rc filter 4.6 t /2.0 t 6.9 t /3.1 t 9.2 t /4.2 t for increasing amplitudes d v 1 - e -t/rc d v e -t/rc
mx536a/mx636 frequency response the mx536a/mx636 utilizes a logarithmic circuit in per - forming the rms computation of the input signal. the bandwidth of the rms converters is proportional to sig - nal level. figures 11 and 12 represent the frequency response of the converters from 10mv to 7v rms for the mx536a and 1mv to 1v for the mx636, respectively. the dashed lines indicate the upper frequency limits for 1%, 10%, and 3db of reading additional error. caution must be used when designing rms measuring systems so that overload does not occur. the input clipping level for the mx636 is 12v, and for the mx536a it is 20v. a 7v rms signal with a crest factor of 3 has a peak input of 21v. application in a low-cost dvm a low-cost digital voltmeter (dvm) using just two inte - grated circuits plus supporting circuitry and lcd dis - play is shown in figure 13. the max130 is a 3 1/2 digit integrating a/d converter with precision bandgap refer - ence. the 10m input attenuator is ac coupled to pin 6 of the mx636 buffer amplifier. the output from the mx636 is connected to the max130 to give a direct reading to the lcd display. t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf v in -v s +v s +v s v rms out c av i out r l common n.c. n.c. n.c. db n.c. c2 mx536a mx636 figure 7. mx536a/mx636 with a one-pole output filter 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf v in -v s +v s v rms out c av c3 c2 r x * * mx536a = 25k w mx636 = 10k w mx536a mx636 figure 8. mx536a/mx636 with a two-pole output filter 0.1 10 1k 10k 1 10 frequency (hz) edc error or ripple (% of reading) 100 pk-pk ripple r x = 0 pk-pk ripple (one pole) c2 = 4.7 m f pk-pk ripple (two pole) c2 = c3 = 4.7 m f dc error (all filters) mx536a 2.2 m f 1 m f 2.2 m f 2.2 m f 1 m f mx636 4.7 m f 1 m f 4.7 m f 4.7 m f 1 m f one-pole filter c2 c av two-pole filter c2 c3 c af figure 9. performance features of various filter types for mx536a/mx636
mx536a/mx636 t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf v in +v s -v s +v s 4.5v to 15v +v s v in v out 2.5v db out -3mv/db c1 c2 zero db 0.1 m f linear rms output r1 r2 500 w gain r3 1k* r4 36k r5 ground compensated db out +0.1v/db *special tc comp resistor: +3500ppm, 1k, 1% mx580j mx536a mx636 max400 figure 10. db connection 1 1m 100 m 1k 100k 10m 1m 10m 30m 200m 100m frequency (hz) v out (v) 10k 1v rms input 200mv rms input 100mv rms input 10mv rms input 30mv rms input 1v rms input 1% 10% ?db figure 12. mx636 high-frequency response 10 0.01 1k 100k 10m 1m 0.1 1 frequency (hz) v out (v) 10k 7v rms input 1% 10% ?db 1v rms input 100mv rms input 10mv rms input figure 11. mx536a high-frequency response
* maxim reserves the right to ship ceramic packages in lieu of cerdip packages. * * dice are specified at t a = +25 c. mx536a/mx636 t r ue rms-to-dc conver ters part mx536ash -55 c to +125 c temp. range pin-package 10 to-100 mx536asq* -55 c to +125 c 14 cerdip mx636 jc/d mx636jcwe mx636jd 0 c to +70 c 0 c to +70 c 0 c to +70 c dice** 16 wide so 14 ceramic mx636jh 0 c to +70 c 10 to-100 pin configurations (continued) 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 top view mx536a mx636 so +v s n.c. n.c. n.c. common r l i out n.c. v in n.c. -v s c av db buf out buf in n.c. 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf v in r9 500k 0db set r13 500 w lin scale db scale r15 1m r14 50k r12 1k r11 26k r10 20k max130 c4 2.2 m f c3 0.02 m f 6.8 m f r6 1m r5 47k 1w 10% r7 20k d2 in4148 d1 in4148 2v 20v 200v r1 9m r2 900k r3 90k r4 10k com 200mv c7 6.8 m f lin lin db lin 1n4148 db db d3 d4 d5 c6 0.01 m f +v dd +v s ref hi com ref lo in hi in lo 3 1 2 digit lcd display 3 1 2 digit adc v- v+ 9v battery mx636 10k 10k figure 13. portable high-z input rms dpm and db meter t ypical operating ________________ cir cuits (continued) 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 absolute value squarer divider current mirror buf v in +v s -v s v out c av ___________________________________________ or dering infor mation (continued) part temp. range pin-package mx636jq* mx636kcwe 0 c to +70 c 0 c to +70 c 14 cerdip 16 wide so mx636kd mx636kh 0 c to +70 c 0 c to +70 c 14 ceramic 10 to-100 mx636kn 0 c to +70 c 14 plastic dip mx636kq* 0 c to +70 c 14 cerdip mx636jn 0 c to +70 c 14 plastic dip maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 12 ____________________ maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 1998 maxim integrated products printed usa is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products.

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